Oracle 11G R2利用RMAN搭建DataGuard环境
环境：
准备工作:
在db1的/etc/hosts里增加
127.0.0.1 db1
192.168.2.242 db2
在db2的/etc/hosts里增加
127.0.0.1 db2
192.168.2.241 db1
目录
主库打开归档及强制归档
创建3组standby redolog
修改参数文件
修改监听文件
RMAN备份主库
复制文件至备库
恢复参数文件(db2)
修改备库参数文件(db2)
准备RMAN恢复工作(db2)
生成备库参数文件(db2)
恢复数据库(db2)
启动备库(db2)
1.主库打开归档及强制归档(db1)
检查Oracle是否开启归档
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 6
Current log sequence 8
#可以看到Automatic archival Disabled说明未打开归档
打开归档(打开归档需要先关闭Oracle,然后将数据库启动至mount状态才能修改)
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog; #打开归档
SQL> alter database force logging; #打开强制归档也可以在数据库open状态下打开
SQL> alter database open; #打开数据库
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 6
Next log sequence to archive 8
Current log sequence 8
2.创建多组standby redo log，最少需要多一组，standby redo log是使用Real Time Apply的必要条件
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/redo03.log
2 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/redo02.log
1 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/redo01.log
SQL> alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby04.log') size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby05.log') size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby06.log') size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby07.log') size 50m;
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/redo03.log
2 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/redo02.log
1 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/redo01.log
4 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby04.log
5 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby05.log
6 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby06.log
7 /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/standby07.log
3.修改参数文件
修改参数文件前，我们先进行备份
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/tpy100.pfile' from spfile;
在修改前我们需要查看下备份的参数文件，根据具体环境更改下面语句
SQL> alter system set db_unique_name=db1 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(db1,db2)' scope=both;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=db1' scope=both;
报错：
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-16053: DB_UNIQUE_NAME db1 is not in the Data Guard Configuration
可能会遇上如下报错信息，这个时候需要重启下数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=db1' scope=both;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'service=db2 async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=db2' scope=both;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable scope=both;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=both;
SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=both;
SQL> alter system set fal_server=db2 scope=both;
SQL> alter system set fal_client=db1 scope=both;
SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile;
4.修改监听文件
[oracle@db1 ~]$ vim /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
在后面增加
db1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = db1)
)
)
db2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = db2)
)
)
5.RMAN备份主库
创建备份存放目录
[oracle@db1 ~]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/dbackup
执行备份
rman>run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/tpy100_%T_%s_%p' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/archive_log_%T_%s_%p' archivelog all;
backup spfile format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/spfile_%u_%T.bak';
release channel c1;
}
rman>copy current controlfile for standby to '/opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl';
6.复制文件至备库
[oracle@db1 ~]$ scp -r /opt/oracle/dbackup/ db2:/opt/oracle
[oracle@db1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ scp -r orapwtpy100 db2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@db1 admin]$ scp -r listener.ora tnsnames.ora db2:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
7.恢复参数文件(db2)
RMAN> set dbid 2926260986
RMAN> startup nomount;
#这里会报错不用理会即可
RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/tmp/tpy100.pfile' from '/opt/oracle/dbackup/spfile_04quaekm_20160219.bak';
#我们将参数文件恢复至/tmp/tpy100.pfile,因为这个是主库的参数文件，备库略有不同
8.修改备库参数文件(db2)
[oracle@db2 ~]$ vim /tmp/tpy100.pfile
#将里面的DB1 db1变成相应的DB2 db2,将DB1变成db1
tpy100.__db_cache_size=322961408
tpy100.__java_pool_size=4194304
tpy100.__large_pool_size=4194304
tpy100.__oracle_base='/opt/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
tpy100.__pga_aggregate_target=339738624
tpy100.__sga_target=503316480
tpy100.__shared_io_pool_size=0
tpy100.__shared_pool_size=159383552
tpy100.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/tpy100/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/tpy100/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_name='tpy100'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.db_unique_name='DB2'
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=tpy100XDB)'
*.fal_client='DB2'
*.fal_server='DB1'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(db2,db1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=db2'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=db1 async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=db1'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.memory_target=843055104
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
9.准备RMAN恢复工作(db2)
创建相应的目录，复制备库控制文件到相应的位置
[oracle@db2 ~]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/tpy100/adump
[oracle@db2 ~]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100
[oracle@db2 ~]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/tpy100
[oracle@db2 ~]$ cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/control01.ctl
[oracle@db2 ~]$ cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/tpy100/control02.ctl
[oracle@db2 ~]$ lsnrctl start
#启动监听
10.生成备库参数文件(db2)
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/tmp/tpy100.pfile'
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/tpy100.pfile';
SQL> alter database mount;
11.恢复数据库(db2)
RMAN> restore database;
12.启动备库(db2)
SQL > alter database open read only;
#在这里启动的时候如果出现
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/tpy100/system01.dbf'
先使用shutdown immediate关闭后再重新启动
SQL > alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
如果需要重启备库,则需要按如下命令进行重启
SQL> startup;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
注意：刚重启完你会发现主库的数据还没过来，但是过段时间就过来了，在生产环境中我们需要快速处理这个问题，以便减少宕机时间。
关闭完备库后，在主库查看
SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR
------------------------------ --------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 ERROR ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
可以看到LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2是错误的，这个是因为没有连接到备库的归档路径，默认情况下Dataguard会每300秒自动连接，这边为了快读处理
解决办法：在主库执行
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2= enable;
再查询，如果依然是如此则需要检查备库的网络及监听
测试有如下语句：
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby;
SQL> select sequence# from v$log_history;
Oracle 11gR2 在VMWare虚拟机中安装步骤 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89579p2.htm
Debian 下 安装 Oracle 11g XE R2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98881.htm
基于同一主机配置 Oracle 11g Data Guard http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88848.htm
Oracle Data Guard （RAC+DG) 归档删除策略及脚本 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87782.htm
Oracle Data Guard的日志FAL gap问题 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-04/82561.htm
Oracle 11g Data Guard Error 16143 Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 处理方法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/82009.htm
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