了解JAVA classloader(2)
使用CompilationClassLoader
要使用CCL，必须以特殊方式调用程序。不能直接运行该程序，如：% java Foo arg1 arg2；
应以下列方式运行它：
% java CCLRun Foo arg1 arg2
CCLRun是一个特殊的存根程序，它创建CompilingClassLoader并用它来装入程序的主类，以确保通过CompilingClassLoader来装入整个程序。CCLRun使用JavaReflectionAPI 来调用特定类的主方法并把参数传递给它。有关详细信息，请参阅源代码。
运行示例
源码包括了一组小类，它们演示了工作方式。主程序是Foo类，它创建类Bar的实例。类Bar创建另一个类Baz的实例，它在baz包内，这是为了展示CCL是如何处理子包里的代码。Bar也是通过名称装入的，其名称为Boo，这用来展示它也能与CCL工作。
每个类都声明已被装入并运行。现在用源代码来试一下。编译CCLRun和CompilingClassLoader。确保不要编译其它类（Foo、Bar、Baz和Boo），否则将不会使用CCL，因为这些类已经编译过了。
% java CCLRun Foo arg1 arg2
CCL: Compiling Foo.java...
foo! arg1 arg2
bar! arg1 arg2
baz! arg1 arg2
CCL: Compiling Boo.java...
Boo!
请注意，首先调用编译器，Foo.java管理Bar和baz.Baz。直到Bar通过名称来装入Boo时，被调用它，这时CCL会再次调用编译器来编译它。
CompilingClassLoader.java
以下是CompilingClassLoader.java的源代码
// $Id$
import java.io.*;
/*
A CompilingClassLoader compiles your Java source on-the-fly. It checks
for nonexistent .class files, or .class files that are older than their
corresponding source code.
*/
public class CompilingClassLoader extends ClassLoader
{
// Given a filename, read the entirety of that file from disk
// and return it as a byte array.
private byte[] getBytes( String filename ) throws IOException {
// Find out the length of the file
File file = new File( filename );
long len = file.length();
// Create an array that's just the right size for the file's
// contents
byte raw[] = new byte[(int)len];
// Open the file
FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream( file );
// Read all of it into the array; if we don't get all,
// then it's an error.
int r = fin.read( raw );
if (r != len)
throw new IOException( "Can't read all, "+r+" != "+len );
// Don't forget to close the file!
fin.close();
// And finally return the file contents as an array
return raw;
}
// Spawn a process to compile the java source code file
// specified in the 'javaFile' parameter. Return a true if
// the compilation worked, false otherwise.
private boolean compile( String javaFile ) throws IOException {
// Let the user know what's going on
System.out.println( "CCL: Compiling "+javaFile+"..." );
// Start up the compiler
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "javac "+javaFile );
// Wait for it to finish running
try {
p.waitFor();
} catch( InterruptedException ie ) { System.out.println( ie ); }
// Check the return code, in case of a compilation error
int ret = p.exitValue();
// Tell whether the compilation worked
return ret==0;
}
// The heart of the ClassLoader -- automatically compile
// source as necessary when looking for class files
public Class loadClass( String name, boolean resolve )
throws ClassNotFoundException {
// Our goal is to get a
Class objectClass clas = null;
// First, see if we've already dealt with this one
clas = findLoadedClass( name );
//System.out.println( "findLoadedClass: "+clas );
// Create a pathname from the class name
// E.g. java.lang.Object => java/lang/Object
String fileStub = name.replace( '.', '/' );
// Build objects pointing to the source code (.java) and object
// code (.class)
String javaFilename = fileStub+".java";
String classFilename = fileStub+".class";
File javaFile = new File( javaFilename );
File classFile = new File( classFilename );
//System.out.println( "j "+javaFile.lastModified()+" c "+
// classFile.lastModified() );
// First, see if we want to try compiling. We do if (a) there
// is source code, and either (b0) there is no object code,
// or (b1) there is object code, but it's older than the source
if (javaFile.exists() &&
(!classFile.exists() ||
javaFile.lastModified() > classFile.lastModified())) {
try {
// Try to compile it. If this doesn't work, then
// we must declare failure. (It's not good enough to use
// and already-existing, but out-of-date, classfile)
if (!compile( javaFilename ) || !classFile.exists()) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException( "Compile failed: "+javaFilename );
}
} catch( IOException ie ) {
// Another place where we might come to if we fail
// to compile
throw new ClassNotFoundException( ie.toString() );
}
}
// Let's try to load up the raw bytes, assuming they were
// properly compiled, or didn't need to be compiled
try {
// read the bytes
byte raw[] = getBytes( classFilename );
// try to turn them into a class
clas = defineClass( name, raw, 0, raw.length );
} catch( IOException ie ) {
// This is not a failure! If we reach here, it might
// mean that we are dealing with a class in a library,
// such as java.lang.Object
}
//System.out.println( "defineClass: "+clas );
// Maybe the class is in a library -- try loading
// the normal way
if (clas==null) {
clas = findSystemClass( name );
}
//System.out.println( "findSystemClass: "+clas );
// Resolve the class, if any, but only if the "resolve"/
/ flag is set to true
if (resolve && clas != null)
resolveClass( clas );
// If we still don't have a class, it's an error
if (clas == null)
throw new ClassNotFoundException( name );
// Otherwise, return the class
return clas;
}
}
CCRun.java
以下是CCRun.java的源代码
// $Id$
import java.lang.reflect.*;
/*
CCLRun executes a Java program by loading it through a
CompilingClassLoader.
*/
public class CCLRun
{
static public void main( String args[] ) throws Exception {
// The first argument is the Java program (class) the user
// wants to run
String progClass = args[0];
// And the arguments to that program are just
// arguments 1..n, so separate those out into
// their own array
String progArgs[] = new String[args.length-1];
System.arraycopy( args, 1, progArgs, 0, progArgs.length );
// Create a CompilingClassLoader
CompilingClassLoader ccl = new CompilingClassLoader();
// Load the main class through our CCL
Class clas = ccl.loadClass( progClass );
// Use reflection to call its main() method, and to
// pass the arguments in.
// Get a class representing the type of the main method's argument
Class mainArgType[] = { (new String[0]).getClass() };
// Find the standard main method in the class
Method main = clas.getMethod( "main", mainArgType );
// Create a list containing the arguments -- in this case,
// an array of strings
Object argsArray[] = { progArgs };
// Call the method
main.invoke( null, argsArray );
}
}
Foo.java
以下是Foo.java的源代码
// $Id$
public class Foo
{
static public void main( String args[] ) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "foo! "+args[0]+" "+args[1] );
new Bar( args[0], args[1] );
}
}
Bar.java
以下是Bar.java的源代码
// $Id$
import baz.*;
public class Bar
{
public Bar( String a, String b ) {
System.out.println( "bar! "+a+" "+b );
new Baz( a, b );
try {
Class booClass = Class.forName( "Boo" );
Object boo = booClass.newInstance();
} catch( Exception e ) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
baz/Baz.java
以下是baz/Baz.java的源代码
// $Id$
package baz;
public class Baz
{
public Baz( String a, String b ) {
System.out.println( "baz! "+a+" "+b );
}
}
Boo.java
以下是Boo.java的源代码
// $Id$
public class Boo
{
public Boo() {
System.out.println( "Boo!" );
}
}
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