Java与模式之单例模式的实例

单例模式(Singleton) ,属于最常见的设计模式之一，大部分系统都会用到，目的是为了维护系统中唯一的一个实例。

可分为eager模式，示例代码如下：

Java代码

1.class EagerSingleton{

2. private static final EagerSingleton m_instance = new EagerSingleton();

3. private EagerSingleton(){}

4. public static EagerSingleton getInstance(){

5. return m_instance;

6. }

7.}

class EagerSingleton{

private static final EagerSingleton m_instance = new EagerSingleton();

private EagerSingleton(){}

public static EagerSingleton getInstance(){

return m_instance;

}

}

和lazy模式，示例代码如下：

Java代码

1.class LazySingleton{

2. private static LazySingleton m_instance = null;

3. private LazySingleton(){}

4. public synchronized static getInstance(){

5. if(m_instance == null){

6. m_instance = new LazySingleton();

7. }

8. return m_instance;

9. }

10.}

class LazySingleton{

private static LazySingleton m_instance = null;

private LazySingleton(){}

public synchronized static getInstance(){

if(m_instance == null){

m_instance = new LazySingleton();

}

return m_instance;

}

}

java源码中，Runtime.getRuntime()就是单例的一个例子。

单例模式的精神就是整个系统中维护一个实例，推广开来，如果在一个系统中需要维护多个示例，那么就产生了多例模式(multiton)。

多例模式(Multiton) ,通过聚集对象了保留自身的多个示例，根据客户端的参数返回所需要的实例。

示例代码如下：

Java代码

1.class Multiton{

2. private final int INSTANCE_SIZE = 10;

3. private static Map instances = new HashMap(INSTANCE_SIZE);

4. private String name;

5. private Multiton(){}

6. private Multiton(String name){

7. this.name = name;

8. }

9. public synchronized static getInstance(String name){

10. if(instances.containsKey(name)){

11. return instances.get(name);

12. }

13. else{

14. ins = new Multiton(name);

15. instances.put(name, ins);

16. return ins;

17. }

18. }

19.}

class Multiton{

private final int INSTANCE_SIZE = 10;

private static Map instances = new HashMap(INSTANCE_SIZE);

private String name;

private Multiton(){}

private Multiton(String name){

this.name = name;

}

public synchronized static getInstance(String name){

if(instances.containsKey(name)){

return instances.get(name);

}

else{

ins = new Multiton(name);

instances.put(name, ins);

return ins;

}

}

}

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一个实用的例子就是KeyGenerator, 示例代码如下：

Java代码

1.class KeyGenerator{

2. private final int POOL_SIZE = 20;

3. private static Map instances = new HashMap(16);

4. private KeyInfo keyinfo;

5. private KeyGenerator(){}

6. private KeyGenerator(String keyName){

7. this.keyinfo = new KeyInfo(POOL_SIZE, keyName);

8. }

9. public synchronized static getInstance(String keyName){

10. if(instances.containsKey(keyName)){

11. return (KeyGenerator)instances.get(keyName);

12. }

13. else{

14. keyGen = new KeyGenerator(keyName);

15. instances.put(name, keyGen);

16. return keyGen;

17. }

18. }

19. public synzhronized int getNextKey(){

20. return keyinfo.getNextKey();

21. }

22. }

class KeyGenerator{

private final int POOL_SIZE = 20;

private static Map instances = new HashMap(16);

private KeyInfo keyinfo;

private KeyGenerator(){}

private KeyGenerator(String keyName){

this.keyinfo = new KeyInfo(POOL_SIZE, keyName);

}

public synchronized static getInstance(String keyName){

if(instances.containsKey(keyName)){

return (KeyGenerator)instances.get(keyName);

}

else{

keyGen = new KeyGenerator(keyName);

instances.put(name, keyGen);

return keyGen;

}

}

public synzhronized int getNextKey(){

return keyinfo.getNextKey();

}

}

其实，用单例模式也照样可以实现KeyGenerator, 无非是把聚集里的KeyGenerator实例换成KeyInfo示例而已。

无论是用单例模式还是多例模式，都可以做到同样的一件事情。

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